Overall Red alert Tropical Cyclone for NORU-22
in Viet Nam, Laos, Philippines

Impact

Tropical Cyclone NORU-22 can have a high humanitarian impact based on the maximum sustained wind speed,exposed population and vulnerability.

Meteorological source GFS
Exposed countries Japan, Taiwan, Philippines
Exposed population No people in Category 1 or higher
Maximum wind speed 72 km/h
Maximum storm surge 0.5 m (23 Sep 21:00 UTC)
Vulnerability High (Vietnam)

GDACS Score

GDACS alert score for Tropical Cyclones is 0.5 (GREEN Alert), 1.5 (ORANGE Alert), 2.5 (RED Alert)
For more info on GDACS alert score click here.
  Wind Storm surge Rainfall GDACS score
GFS Current 72 km/h 0.5 m 122 mm 0.5
GFS Overall 209 km/h 1.2 m 618 mm 1.5

Maximum winds, storm surge, rainfall (Current: over the next 72 h, Overall: entire TC track)

Wind

209 km/h

Up to 120 thousand can be affected by wind speeds of Tropical Storm strength or above



Wind exposed population - AoIs

Estimations based on the bulletin of 23 Sep 2022 18:00 UTC
CategoryCountryPopulation 
Tropical StormJapan, Taiwan, Philippines121,199
+
Japan1,070 
Taiwan57,788 
Philippines62,339 

See TC classification SSHS


Wind Impact Timeline

people affected <=10000
10000< people affected <=100000
people affected >100000


Alert Date (UTC) Max Winds (km/h) Pop in Cat. 1 or higher TS Cat. 1 Cat. 2 Cat. 3 Cat. 4 Cat. 5 Countries
GREEN 1 22 Sep 2022 00:00 65 - - - - - - -
GREEN 2 22 Sep 2022 06:00 65 - - - - - - -
GREEN 3 22 Sep 2022 12:00 76 - - - - - - -
GREEN 4 22 Sep 2022 18:00 79 - - - - - - -
GREEN 5 23 Sep 2022 00:00 68 - - - - - - -
GREEN 6 23 Sep 2022 06:00 58 - - - - - - -
GREEN 7 23 Sep 2022 12:00 101 - - - - - - -
GREEN 8 23 Sep 2022 18:00 133 -
- - - - - Japan, Taiwan, Philippines
Download:





Impact estimation for the next 72h




Rain exposed population - AoIs

Estimations based on the bulletin of 23 Sep 2022 18:00 UTC
LevelCountryPopulation 
250-500 mmVietnam, Laos, Philippines243,010
+
Vietnam242,721 
Laos119 
Philippines169 
100-250 mmVietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Paracel Islands, Philippines, Northern Mariana Islands, Cambodia, Guam9,633,455
+
Myanmar11,240 
Vietnam3,754,312 
Laos33,019 
Philippines4,948,566 
Thailand494,854 
Paracel Islands132 
Northern Mariana Islands3,417 
Cambodia218,026 
Guam169,884 
50-100 mmChina, India, Myanmar, Japan, Vietnam, Laos, Philippines, Thailand, Paracel Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, Cambodia, Micronesia, Palau, Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia97,792,653
+
China65,581 
India888,235 
Myanmar7,593,775 
Japan936 
Vietnam25,491,505 
Laos1,709,661 
Philippines22,039,629 
Thailand35,165,844 
Paracel Islands322 
Northern Mariana Islands51,652 
Cambodia4,747,363 
Micronesia9,142 
Palau18,981 
Malaysia7,568 
Brunei451 
Indonesia2,002 

Rain Impact Timeline

people affected <=10000
10000< people affected <=100000
people affected >100000


Alert Date (UTC) Max Rainfall (mm) Pop >100mm or higher 50-100 100-250 250-500 500-750 750-1000 >1000 Countries
Blue 1 22 Sep 2022 00:00 52 - - - - - - -
Blue 2 22 Sep 2022 06:00 67 -
- - - - - Vietnam
Blue 3 22 Sep 2022 12:00 138 20 thousand
- - - - Japan, Thailand
Blue 4 22 Sep 2022 18:00 169 -
- - - - - Vietnam
Blue 5 23 Sep 2022 00:00 99 -
- - - - - Japan, India
Blue 6 23 Sep 2022 06:00 110 Few people
- - - - Japan
Blue 7 23 Sep 2022 12:00 167 -
- - - - - Indonesia
Blue 8 23 Sep 2022 18:00 297 9.9 million
- - - China, India, Myanmar, Japan, Vietnam, Laos, Philippines, Thailand, Paracel Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, Cambodia, Guam, Micronesia, Palau, Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia




Impact estimation for the next 72h

StormSurge

The calculations have been performed using NAMIDANCE computer code, from Middle East Technical University.
reference: Zaytsev, Andrey; Kurkin, Andrey; Pelinovsky, Efim; Yalciner, Ahmet C. - NUMERICAL TSUNAMI MODEL NAMI-DANCE. - Science of Tsunami Hazards . Nov2019, Vol. 38 Issue 4, p151-168. 18p.
Doaj

0.9 m

The maximum Storm surge height is  0.9m in Saga, Kyushu Oka, Japan. This height is estimated for 24/09/2022 18:00 UTC .

The JRC has developed an experimental global storm surge model, which is run after each advisory issued by the regional tropical cyclone centres. The calculations are published about 20 minutes after a new advisory is detected by GDACS. The calculations identify the populated places affected by storm surge up to three days in advance, using the forecasted track. When forecasts change, the associated storm surge changes too and alert levels may go up or down. All links, data, statistics and maps refer to the latest available calculation. If the calculation for the last advisory is not completed, the latest available calculation is shown.

Storm Surge Exposed population - AoIs


Storm Surge Exposed locations

Calculation based on the bulletin of 23 Sep 2022 18:00 UTC
    
Alert Date (UTC) Name Country Storm surge height (m)
24/09/2022 18:00 Saga, Kyushu Oka Japan  0.9
24/09/2022 04:00 Ilocos, Cabarruyan Island Santiago Philippines  0.3
22/09/2022 12:00 Ha Tinh, Hoi Thong Vietnam  0.3
23/09/2022 08:00 Guangdong, Tung-li China  0.3
22/09/2022 12:00 Thanh Hoa, Xi Dua Vietnam  0.2
22/09/2022 12:00 Thanh Hoa, Hoang Xa Vietnam  0.2
22/09/2022 10:00 Thanh Hoa, Dot Dong Vietnam  0.2
23/09/2022 23:00 Central Luzon, Samal Philippines  0.2
23/09/2022 18:00 Southern Tagalog, Dingalan Philippines  0.2
24/09/2022 23:00 Guangdong, Cheng'anwei China  0.2
23/09/2022 08:00 Guangdong, Donghai Dao Houhai China  0.2
23/09/2022 08:00 Guangdong, Naozhou Dao Huangwu China  0.2
24/09/2022 00:00 Central Luzon, Abucay Philippines  0.2
23/09/2022 18:00 Quezon, Concepcion Philippines  0.2
23/09/2022 20:00 Guangdong, Naozhou Dao Doulongcun China  0.2
24/09/2022 12:00 Fujian, Shihu China  0.2
23/09/2022 21:00 Guangxi, Yingluo China  0.2
24/09/2022 17:00 Zhejiang, Changchuanba China  0.2
22/09/2022 10:00 Ha Tinh, Trung Thinh Vietnam  0.2
22/09/2022 11:00 Nam Dinh, Quan Phuong Trung Trai Vietnam  0.2
22/09/2022 11:00 Nam Dinh, Lien Phu Vietnam  0.2
24/09/2022 19:00 Shizuoka, Iwo To (Iwo Jima) Higashi Japan  0.2
24/09/2022 09:00 Guangdong, Shangchuan Dao Dalangwan China  0.2
24/09/2022 18:00 Palawan, Chindonan Island Culion Philippines  0.2
23/09/2022 17:00 , Palasan Island Abucay Philippines  0.2
23/09/2022 16:00 Ben Tre, Ap An Thuan Vietnam  0.2
24/09/2022 21:00 Guangdong, Santouzui China  0.2
24/09/2022 21:00 Guangdong, Hsi-t'ou China  0.2
22/09/2022 13:00 Quang Ninh, Hoang Chau Vietnam  0.2
23/09/2022 17:00 Southern Tagalog, Polillo Island Bisliang Philippines  0.2
24/09/2022 19:00 Guangdong, Rudong China  0.2
24/09/2022 11:00 , Bagatao Island Mualbual Philippines  0.2
23/09/2022 19:00 , Mauban Island Calamias Philippines  0.2
24/09/2022 19:00 Mon, Kwanhla Myanmar  0.2
24/09/2022 17:00 Zhejiang, Cheng-chia-tai China  0.2
23/09/2022 00:00 Ha Tinh, Vinh Son Vietnam  0.2
24/09/2022 19:00 Macau SAR, Taipa Macau (China)  0.2
22/09/2022 19:00 Quang Ninh, Cai Kien Vietnam  0.2
22/09/2022 18:00 Guangxi, Wanwei China  0.2
24/09/2022 16:00 Shizuoka, Ishinomura Japan  0.1
24/09/2022 21:00 Fujian, Tantou China  0.1
24/09/2022 01:00 , Santiago Island Pilar Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 12:00 Ca Mau, Xom Rach Tau Vietnam  0.1
22/09/2022 18:00 Guangxi, Bailong China  0.1
23/09/2022 22:00 Ilocos, Cabarruyan Island Tondol Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 01:00 Western Visayas, Leyte Island Calatrava Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 22:00 Ilocos, Panasgasan Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 15:00 Ben Tre, Thoi Thuan Vietnam  0.1
23/09/2022 22:00 Pangasinan, Nabaul Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 01:00 Western Visayas, Leyte Island Escalante Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 15:00 Chon Buri, Ko Si Chang Ban Si Racha Thailand  0.1
23/09/2022 14:00 Quang Tri, Thon My Thuy Vietnam  0.1
24/09/2022 13:00 Fujian, Lianhe China  0.1
24/09/2022 01:00 Western Visayas, Leyte Island Santo Nino Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 01:00 Negros Oriental, Leyte Island Tayasan Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 01:00 Negros Oriental, Leyte Island Ayungon Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 23:00 Penghu, Pai-sha Tao Ch'ang-an Taiwan  0.1
24/09/2022 00:00 , Tagauayan Island Lo-oc Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 01:00 Central Visayas, Leyte Island Manjuyod Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 01:00 Central Visayas, Leyte Island Calamba Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 15:00 Tacloban City, Tacloban Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 01:00 Central Visayas, Leyte Island Guihulngan Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 23:00 Southern Tagalog, Mangero Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 23:00 Southern Tagalog, San Andres Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 22:00 Fujian, Dongshan Dao Chencheng China  0.1
23/09/2022 15:00 Phetchaburi, Ban Pak Khlong Thailand  0.1
23/09/2022 15:00 Phetchaburi, Ban Hua Hin Thailand  0.1
23/09/2022 14:00 Quang Tri, Mui Lay Vietnam  0.1
24/09/2022 19:00 Yangon, Ale-ywa Myanmar  0.1
23/09/2022 23:00 Southern Tagalog, Marinduque Payte Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 22:00 Southern Tagalog, Marinduque Balo Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 22:00 Romblon, Banton Island Lagang Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 14:00 Tanintharyi, Kanmaw Kyun Bemagyauk Ywa Myanmar  0.1
24/09/2022 12:00 Fujian, Hsia-mei China  0.1
24/09/2022 00:00 Eastern Visayas, Biliran Island Culaba Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 17:00 Zhejiang, Hsing-hsing-chen China  0.1
23/09/2022 15:00 Bicol, Barana Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 23:00 Southern Tagalog, Mindoro Pinamalayan Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 22:00 Southern Tagalog, Mindoro Batingan Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 15:00 Tanintharyi, Tawbyagyi Myanmar  0.1
23/09/2022 22:00 Southern Tagalog, Bondoc Pt Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 00:00 Eastern Visayas, Biliran Island Tucdao Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 22:00 Southern Tagalog, Mindoro Labasan Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 01:00 Central Visayas, Bantayan Island Bantayan Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 22:00 , Cobrador Island Cabugaan Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 17:00 Zhejiang, Hsieh-fu China  0.1
23/09/2022 23:00 , Burias Island Madanlog Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 19:00 Macau SAR, Coloane Macau (China)  0.1
23/09/2022 21:00 Batangas, Mabini Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 22:00 Southern Tagalog, Mindoro Cawayan Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 21:00 Fujian, Guleitou China  0.1
24/09/2022 17:00 Southern Tagalog, Palawan Caramay Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 21:00 Batangas, Bucal Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 08:00 , Palawan Pagauanen Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 14:00 Western Visayas, Panay Island Binon-an Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 22:00 Fujian, Wutian China  0.1
23/09/2022 23:00 Southern Tagalog, Sumaguil Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 21:00 Southern Tagalog, Navotas Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 13:00 Western Visayas, Panay Island Concepcion Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 08:00 , Matinloc Island Calmung Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 14:00 Tanintharyi, Kanmaw Kyun Mawgaungdon Ywa Myanmar  0.1
23/09/2022 21:00 , Marcaban Island Gamao Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 22:00 Fujian, Gangkou China  0.1
23/09/2022 17:00 Tra Vinh, Thanh Phong Vietnam  0.1
24/09/2022 00:00 , Agutay Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 22:00 Southern Tagalog, Tablas Island Calagonsao Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 15:00 Eastern Visayas, Tanauan Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 05:00 , Bulusan Bulalacao Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 22:00 Southern Tagalog, Sibuyan Island Cajidiocan Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 21:00 , Dalahican Island Pandanan Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 22:00 Southern Tagalog, Tablas Island Nipa Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 22:00 Batangas, Pajo Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 00:00 , Tagapul-an Island Sogud Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 00:00 , Almagro Island Bacjao Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 16:00 Sabah, Kampong Tabanka Malaysia  0.1
23/09/2022 21:00 Southern Tagalog, Cabra Island Looc Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 00:00 , San Antonio Pilar Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 12:00 Fujian, Shijing China  0.1
23/09/2022 13:00 , Guintinua Island Banacboc Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 14:00 Iloilo, Punta Buri Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 03:00 Satun, Bagan Tohit Thailand  0.1
23/09/2022 22:00 Southern Tagalog, Tablas Island Tabugon Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 13:00 Western Visayas, Panay Island Carles Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 21:00 Guangdong, Huanglong China  0.1
23/09/2022 23:00 Cebu, Cebu Island Maya Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 00:00 , Higatangan Island Gigantangan Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 00:00 , Batbatan Island Bitoon Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 21:00 , Ambil Island Bocboc Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 23:00 Northern Samar, Maragat Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 22:00 , Carabao Island Boayahan Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 22:00 , Carabao Island Acogon Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 14:00 , South Gigante Island Gabi Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 15:00 Phetchaburi, Ban Huai Sai Tai Thailand  0.1
23/09/2022 15:00 Phetchaburi, Ban Bang Gwai Thailand  0.1
24/09/2022 21:00 Kalimantan Timur, Borneo Oelingan Indonesia  0.1
23/09/2022 17:00 Ben Tre, Ap Phu My Vietnam  0.1
24/09/2022 09:00 Southern Tagalog, Palawan Dipnay Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 09:00 Southern Tagalog, Palawan Sibaltan Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 09:00 , Calibang Island Calibangbangan Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 15:00 Prachuap Khiri Khan, Hua Hin Thailand  0.1
23/09/2022 15:00 Thua Thien-Hue, Thai Duong Thuong Vietnam  0.1
23/09/2022 15:00 Thua Thien-Hue, Thon Thai Duong Ha Vietnam  0.1
24/09/2022 14:00 Central Visayas, Bantayan Island Madridejos Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 12:00 Tanintharyi, Ale-man Kyun Ale-hman Myanmar  0.1
24/09/2022 20:00 Guangdong, Aotou China  0.1
24/09/2022 13:00 Binh Thuan, Tuy Phong Vietnam  0.1
23/09/2022 23:00 Central Visayas, Cebu Island Tindog Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 18:00 Southern Tagalog, Palawan Palarican Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 13:00 Tanintharyi, Kawthaung Myanmar  0.1
23/09/2022 21:00 Southern Tagalog, Mindoro Ignonoc Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 23:00 Penghu, Chi-pei Tao Chi-pei Taiwan  0.1
23/09/2022 01:00 Bicol, Pandanan Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 11:00 Fujian, Fengwo China  0.1
24/09/2022 11:00 Fujian, Yunlong China  0.1
23/09/2022 22:00 Trat, Ban Pak Khlong Tha Luan Thailand  0.1
23/09/2022 14:00 Southern Tagalog, Diniyog Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 23:00 Penghu, Hua-hsu Taiwan  0.1
24/09/2022 21:00 Ayeyarwaddy, Dawnvein Myanmar  0.1
24/09/2022 13:00 Binh Thuan, Hai Long Vietnam  0.1
24/09/2022 03:00 Eastern Samar, Santa Margarita Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 21:00 Hong Kong SAR, Sz Pak Hong Kong (China)  0.1
23/09/2022 21:00 Koh Kong, Bang Krassop Cambodia  0.1
23/09/2022 03:00 Bicol, Colongcogong Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 17:00 Bicol, Virac Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 14:00 Ranong, Ban Sin Hai Thailand  0.1
23/09/2022 23:00 Central Visayas, Poro Island Puertobello Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 06:00 Southern Tagalog, Palawan Roxas Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 18:00 Ayeyarwaddy, Seikkyi Myanmar  0.1
23/09/2022 23:00 Central Visayas, Cebu Island Borbon Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 01:00 , Pamalican Island Manamoc Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 15:00 Northern Samar, Apis Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 14:00 Central Visayas, San Francisco Island Unidos Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 21:00 Guangdong, Lajiwei China  0.1
23/09/2022 23:00 Eastern Visayas, Puertobello Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 09:00 Southern Tagalog, Linapacan Island San Nicolas Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 23:00 , Ponson Island Pilar Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 15:00 Bicol, Tiwi Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 23:00 Eastern Visayas, Merida Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 17:00 Ayeyarwaddy, Alandaing Myanmar  0.1
23/09/2022 14:00 Bohol, Bilangbilangan Island Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 18:00 Ayeyarwaddy, Saluzeik Myanmar  0.1
24/09/2022 01:00 , Oco Island Diit Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 13:00 Bicol, Lamaoan Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 00:00 , Bisucay Island Banda Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 23:00 Central Visayas, Cebu Island Catmon Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 20:00 Hong Kong SAR, Lo So Shing Hong Kong (China)  0.1
23/09/2022 18:00 Rayong, Ban Phra La Thailand  0.1
24/09/2022 21:00 Krabi, Ban Khlong Sai Thailand  0.1
23/09/2022 14:00 Lapu-Lapu City, Mactan Island Punta Engana Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 01:00 , Matarbis Canipo Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 14:00 Central Visayas, Cebu Island Carmen Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 23:00 Fujian, Weitou China  0.1
24/09/2022 23:00 Guangdong, Liusha China  0.1
23/09/2022 14:00 Danao City, Cebu Island Danao Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 14:00 Central Visayas, Cebu Island Compostela Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 02:00 Southern Tagalog, Dumaran Island Bacao Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 02:00 Bicol, Bagalay Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 22:00 Trat, Ban Ao Cho Thailand  0.1
23/09/2022 13:00 Bicol, San Rafael Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 14:00 Pahang, Balok Malaysia  0.1
24/09/2022 20:00 Southern Tagalog, Palawan Babuyan Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 09:00 , Batas Island Batas Philippines  0.1
23/09/2022 17:00 Chon Buri, Sattahip Thailand  0.1
23/09/2022 17:00 Chon Buri, Ban Chong Samae San Thailand  0.1
24/09/2022 10:00 Khanh Hoa, Ninh Phuoc Vietnam  0.1
24/09/2022 15:00 Pulau Pinang, Pulau Pinang Bayan Lepas Malaysia  0.1
24/09/2022 15:00 Eastern Visayas, Rizal Philippines  0.1
24/09/2022 13:00 Fujian, Fengwei China  0.1
23/09/2022 21:00 Chumphon, Ban Choeng Kra Thailand  0.1
24/09/2022 11:00 Nagasaki, Kyushu Yue Japan  0.1
24/09/2022 11:00 Nagasaki, Kyushu Isahaya Japan  0.1
24/09/2022 11:00 Nagasaki, Kyushu Conagai Japan  0.1
23/09/2022 17:00 Prachuap Khiri Khan, Ban Chamuang Thailand  0.1
23/09/2022 23:00 Surat Thani, Ban Tha Krachai Thailand  0.1
23/09/2022 23:00 Chumphon, Ban Hin Sam Kon Thailand  0.1
23/09/2022 23:00 Chumphon, Ban Bang Man Thailand  0.1
24/09/2022 23:00 Fujian, Shicheng China  0.1
24/09/2022 22:00 Fujian, Meizhou Dao Meizhou China  0.1
24/09/2022 17:00 Zhejiang, Beilong China  0.0
24/09/2022 23:00 Fujian, Gaoshan China  0.0
24/09/2022 21:00 Zhejiang, Sha-fan-chieh China  0.0
24/09/2022 22:00 Fujian, Pinghai China  0.0
24/09/2022 20:00 Zhejiang, Dai Shan Gaoting China  0.0
24/09/2022 20:00 Zhejiang, Litang China  0.0
24/09/2022 18:00 Zhejiang, Lingmen China  0.0
24/09/2022 18:00 Zhejiang, Yuhuan Dao Kanmen China  0.0
24/09/2022 23:00 Nagasaki, Azuchi Japan  0.0